-
1 across
across [əˈkrɒs]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. prepositiona. ( = from one side to the other of) a bridge across the river un pont sur le fleuveb. ( = on the other side of) de l'autre côté dec. ( = crosswise over) à travers2. adverb( = from one side to the other) the river is 5km across le fleuve fait 5 km de large* * *Note: across frequently occurs as the second element in certain verb combinations ( come across, run across, lean across etc). For translations, look at the appropriate verb entry (come, run, lean etc)[ə'krɒs] 1.to go ou travel across something — traverser quelque chose
to travel across country — traverser la campagne; ( in car) prendre les petites routes
2) (to, on the other side of) de l'autre côté deacross the street/desk (from me) — de l'autre côté de la rue/du bureau
3) (all over, covering a wide range of)2. 3.across the world — partout dans le monde, à travers le monde
across from prepositional phrase en face de -
2 across
❢ Across frequently occurs as the second element in certain verb combinations ( come across, run across, lean across etc). For translations, look at the appropriate verb entry (come, run, lean etc).A prep1 ( from one side to the other) to go ou travel across sth traverser qch ; to run/hurry across the room traverser la pièce en courant/en vitesse ; to travel across country/town traverser la campagne/la ville ; a journey across the desert un voyage à travers le désert ; the bridge across the river le pont qui traverse la rivière ; to be lying across the bed être couché en travers du lit ; the line across the page la ligne en travers de la page ; across the years à travers les années ; she leaned across the table elle s'est penchée au-dessus de la table ; the scar across his face la cicatrice sur sa figure ; his hair fell across his face ses cheveux lui tombaient dans la figure ; he wiped his hand across his mouth il a passé la main sur sa bouche ; the light flickered across the carpet la lumière dansait sur la moquette ; the plane flew across the sky l'avion a traversé le ciel ;2 (to, on the other side of) de l'autre côté de ; he lives across the street/square il habite de l'autre côté de la rue/place ; he sat down across the desk/room (from me) il s'est assis de l'autre côté du bureau/de la pièce ; the shops across town les magasins de l'autre bout de la ville ; he looked across the lake to the boathouse il a regardé le hangar de l'autre côté du lac ; she shouted across the room to them elle leur a crié quelque chose depuis l'autre côté de la pièce ;3 (all over, covering a wide range of) across the world partout dans le monde, à travers le monde ; across the country/region dans tout le pays/toute la région ; there is anger right across the industry il y a des signes de colère dans tout le secteur ; scattered across the floor/the square éparpillés sur le sol/la place ; cultural links across borders fig les liens culturels au-delà des frontières.B adv1 ( from one side to the other) the lake is two miles across le lac fait deux miles de large ; to help sb across aider qn à traverser ;2 (on, to the other side) to go across to sb aller vers qn ; to look across at sb regarder vers qn ; he called across to her il l'a appelée. -
3 across
[ə'krɒs] 1.to go, travel across sth. — attraversare qcs.
the bridge across the river — il ponte sul, che attraversa il fiume
2) (to, on the other side of) dall'altra parte dihe looked across the lake to the boathouse — guardò la rimessa per le barche sull'altra riva del lago
3) (all over, covering a wide range of)2.across the world — in tutto il mondo, da un capo all'altro della terra
1)to help sb. across — aiutare qcn. ad attraversare
to go across to sb. — attraversare per andare da qcn.
to look across at sb. — guardare dall'altra parte verso qcn
2) across from di fronte a* * *[ə'kros] 1. preposition1) (to the other side (of); from one side to the other side of: He took her across the road.) dall'altra parte di2) (at the other side (of): The butcher's shop is across the street.) dall'altra parte di2. adverb(to the other side or to the speaker's side: He dived in off the river-bank and swam across.) dall'altra parte* * *[ə'krɒs] 1.to go, travel across sth. — attraversare qcs.
the bridge across the river — il ponte sul, che attraversa il fiume
2) (to, on the other side of) dall'altra parte dihe looked across the lake to the boathouse — guardò la rimessa per le barche sull'altra riva del lago
3) (all over, covering a wide range of)2.across the world — in tutto il mondo, da un capo all'altro della terra
1)to help sb. across — aiutare qcn. ad attraversare
to go across to sb. — attraversare per andare da qcn.
to look across at sb. — guardare dall'altra parte verso qcn
2) across from di fronte a -
4 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
5 sea
[siː]n1) мореTwo seas wash the shores of this country. — Два моря омывают берега этой страны.
We have been at sea out of sight of land for the past three weeks. — Последние три недели мы провели в плавании далеко от родных берегов.
- agitated sea- rippled sea- smooth sea- sparkling sea
- inland sea
- North Sea
- ice-free sea
- warm sea
- tideless sea
- stormy sea
- unknown seas
- uncharted sea
- free sea
- glassy sea
- shoreless sea
- placid sea
- sullen sea
- short sea
- head sea
- four seas
- seven seas
- sea power
- sea steamboat
- sea chart
- sea plane
- sea battle
- sea fight
- sea war
- sea view
- sea wall
- sea front
- sea port
- sea level
- sea post
- sea force
- sea forces
- sea transport
- sea air
- sea water
- sea birds
- sea shore
- sea animal
- sea eagle
- sea god
- sea goddess
- sea foam
- sea shell
- sea floor
- sea drift
- sea fog
- sea wind
- trouble sea of life
- sea coast
- Sea of Japan
- shores of the sea
- gale from the sea
- sounds of the sea
- three miles away from the sea
- ship at sea
- swim in the sea
- town on the sea
- port on the sea
- arm of the sea
- islets scattered in the sea
- at the bottom of the sea
- on the high seas
- at full sea - be at the open sea
- be on the sea
- be at sea
- be out at sea
- be lost at sea
- be washed by sea
- be washed up by the sea
- bury smb at sea
- be burried at sea- enhabit the sea- face the sea
- fly over the sea
- follow the sea
- gain land from the sea
- get smth across the sea
- go out to the sea
- go to sea
- go to the sea during one's holoday
- go by sea
- have one's sea legs
- have good sea legs
- head on to sea
- hold the seas
- keep the sea
- leave the sea
- live at the sea
- live by the sea
- navigate the high seas
- sail in the high seas
- put out to sea
- raise a chopping sea
- run before the sea
- sail the seas
- sail the Seven Seas
- sound the sea
- stretch to the sea
- sweep the sea for mines
- swim in the sea
- swim about in the sea
- take to sea
- take up the sea
- take the sea
- sea breaks over the rocks
- sea is choppy
- sea spreads to the horizont2) множествоThe actor looked out from the stage into a sea of upturned faces. — Актер со сцены смотрел на море поднятых к нему лиц.
Between the devil and the deep sea. — ◊ Из огня, да в полымя. /Между двух огней. /Между молотом и наковальней.
When the sea gives up its dead. — ◊ Когда рак на горе свистнет. /Никогда.
There are plenty more fish in the sea. — ◊ Свет клином не сошёлся.
- sea of heads- sea of wooden crosses
- angry sea of faces
- sea of troubles
- sea of blood
- sea of clouds•USAGE:(1.) Названия морей, океанов и рек употребляются с определенным артиклем: the Black Sea, the Thames, the Pacific (Ocean). (2.) Существительное sea 1., обозначающее море как среду деятельности или обитания, употребляктся с определенным артиклем: to be in the open sea быть в открытом море; a town on the sea город на море; to live near the sea жить у моря; to have a swim in the sea искупаться в море; to go to the sea shore поехать к морю/на побережье. (3.) Sea 1., обозначающее море как часть земной поверхности, противопоставленную суше, употребляется без артикля: to travel over land and sea путешествовать по воде (по морю) и по суше; to be lost at sea пропасть в море; to be washed by sea омываться морем; the boat was swept out to sea лодку унесло в море; to go by sea поехать морем. (4.) See boat, n (5.) See air, n; USAGE (1.), (2.).
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